Tissues
(Srijan ICSE Biology)
TEST Yourself
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Each level of organization is more complexthan the lower one.
2. Energy transfer takes place in an ecosystem through food chain.
3. Epithelialtissue forms covering of body.
4. Cork cells are deadand are found in old and woodydicot stems.
5. Xylem and phloem form conductingtissue in plants.
6. Axons of several neurons are bundled together to form a nerve.
B. Give one word for the following.
1. Group of different tissues that collectively carry out a specific function.
= Organ.
2. Fluid part of blood.
= Plasma.
3. A waterproof layer that protects leaves.
= Cuticle.
4. Thread-like branches arising from the cyton of nerve cells.
= Dendrons.
5. The system in which living and non-living environments interact.
= Ecosystem.
6. The living cells of xylem tissue.
= Xylem Parenchyma.
C. Differentiate between the following.
1. Collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
=
| Collenchyma | Sclerenchyma |
|---|---|
| 1.Very little intercellular space between the cells. | 1. No intercellular spaces between the cells. |
| 2. Cell wall is irregularly thick at the corners. | 2. Cell wall is uniformly thick. |
| 3. Located below epidermis. | 3. Around vascular bandles. |
2. Cuboidal and squamous epithelium.
=
| Cuboidal Epithelium | Squamous Epithelium |
|---|---|
| 1.They are found in the lining of kidney tubules, thyroid glands and in testes and ovaries. | 1. They are found in the outer layer of skin, lining of alveoli, blood vessels, body cavity and buccal cavity. |
| 2. They are formed of cube-like cells; arranged in single layer with centrally placed nucleus. | 2. They are formed of flattened, scale-like cells; also called pavement epithelium. |
| 3. Their main function are absorption and secretion and formation of gametes in ovaries and testes. | 3. Their main function is to protect the underlying tissues. |
3. Ligament and tendon.
=
| Ligament | Tendon |
|---|---|
| 1.Strong but elastic. | 1. Strong and nonelastic. |
| 2. Formed of yellow elastic tissue. | 2. Formed of white, nonelastic fibrous tissue. |
| 3. Present between the end of bones. | 3. Present at the end of muscle bundle. |
| 4. Joins ends of two bones. | 4. Joins skeletal muscles to the end of bone. |
4. Connective and muscular tissue.
=
| Connective Tissues | Muscular Tissues |
|---|---|
| 1.It makes connections to various organs, bones, cartilages and tendons. | 1. It surrounds bones, cartilages and help in the movement of our body. |
| 2. It connects the whole body through matrix. | 2. It helps in movement and protects the internal organs of our body. |
| 3. They are found in all over the body. | 3. They are found around bones and heart. |
5. Meristematic and permanent tissue.
=
| Meristematic Tissues | Permanent Tissues |
|---|---|
| 1.Cells young and undifferentiated. | 1. Cells mature and differentiated. |
| 2. Cells keep on dividing. | 2. Cells do not divide. |
| 3. Cells small without intercellular spaces and vacuole. | 3. Cells living or non-living, living cells with intercellular spaces and vacuole. |
| 4. Cells wall thin. | 4. Cell wall thick. |
D. Name the type of tissue that:-
1. Transports food from leaves to different parts of plant.
= Phloem.
2. Is formed of actively dividing cells and helps in plant growth.
= Meristematic tissues.
3. Is formed of dead, fibre-like cells as bundle-sheath in stem and leaves.
= Sclerenchyma tissues.
4. Supports human body.
= Bones.
5. Binds different tissues and organs.
= Blood.
6. Forms the wall of heart.
= Muscular tissues.
E. Give one main function of each of the following:
1. Epidermis.
= Epidermis forms a covering over all parts of the plant. It forms single layer of cells and protects the underlying tissues.
2. Sclerenchyma.
= Sclerenchyma cells provide mechanical strength and rigidity to the plant body.
3. Xylem vessels.
= Xylem vessels act as long pipes for the transport of water and minerals from roots up to the leaves.
4. Adipose tissue.
= Adipose tissue stores fats in the adipose cells which are filled with oil globules.
5. Cardiac muscles.
= Cardiac muscles help in pumping blood to different body parts.
6. RBCs.
= RBCs supply oxygen to each and every body cell.
F. Answer these questions.
1. Name different levels of organisation below organism level.
= Different levels of organisation below organism level are - Molecular level, Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level and Organ system level.
2. What do you mean by organ system level of organisation? List the organs of excretory system.
= Many organs work together to perform one major life function, they form an organ system. For example, mouth, food pipe, stomach, intestine and rectum form the digestive system. Similarly, heart and blood vessels form the circulatory system. Theses organs represent organ system level of organisation.
The organs of excretory system are - Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder and Urethra.
3. Which tissue is responsible for increase in the height of a plant? Where is it located in the plant body?
= Intercalary meristematic tissue is responsible for increase in the height of a plant.
It is located in the internodes of a plant body.
4. Name different types of epithelial tissues and give functions of each of them.
= Depending upon the cell shapes and their functions, epithelial tissues are mainly classified as Squamous epithelium, Cuboidal epithelium and Columnar epithelium. Ciliated epithelium, Glandular epithelium and Sensory epithelium are specialised epithelium tissues.
Function of Squamous epithelium - Protection of underlying tissues.
Function of Cuboidal epithelium - Absorption and secretion. Formation of gametes in ovaries and testes.
Function of Columnar epithelium - Absorption and secretion.
Function of Ciliated epithelium - Cilia make substances to move in the cavity.
Function of Glandular epithelium - Secrets digestive juices, oil (sebum), tears and milk in females.
Function of Sensory epithelium - Collects sensory stimuli.
5. Give characteristic features of permanent tissues in plants.
= Characteristics features of permanent tissues are -
❐ Permanent tissue is derived from the division of meristematic cells.
❐ The cells do no divide because they become differentiated. They may be alive or dead.
❐ These cells have different shapes related to the function they perform.
❐ They have thick cell wall and large vacuole.
❐ Nucleus is displaced to one side.
6. What is supporting tissue? Name the supporting tissues of plant and human body.
= Supporting tissues are the type of tissues that provides support and make the framework of the plant and animal.
The supporting tissues of plants are - Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.
The supporting tissues of human body are - Cartilage and Bone.
7. Name the functional unit of nervous tissues. Give the functions of axon and dendrons.
= The functional unit of nervous tissues is Neuron.
Axon sends impulses or messages to the dendrites of another adjacent neuron.
Dendronsreceive impulses or messages from axons of adjacent neurons through synapse and transfer them to cyton.
8. What is intercalary meristem? How does it differ from lateral meristem?
= Intercalary meristem tissue helps the plant to to grow in height.
Lateral meristems are located in stem and root. On the other hand, intercalary meristems are located in the internodes of plants.
9. White blood cells are called 'soldiers of body'. Why?
=White blood cells are called 'soldiers of body' because they fight and kill germs that enter the body.
G. Match the columns.
=
| A | B |
|---|---|
| 1.Cork | (a) Division of labour. [5] |
| 2. Sponges | (b) Bone marrow. [6] |
| 3. Myofibrils | (c) Protective tissue. [1] |
| 4. Root tip | (d) Cellular level. [1] |
| 5. Tissues | (e) Apical meristem. [4] |
| 6. Blood cell formation | (f) Contractility. [3] |
H. State whether these statements are true or false. If false, rewrite the correct form of statements.
1. Permanent tissue is formed of meristematic cells.
= [F]
= Permanent tissue is formed of mature, differentiated cells.
2. Body of Amoeba is formed of a single cell.
= [T]
3. Cardiac muscles are voluntary muscles.
= [F]
= Cardiac muscles are heart muscles.
4. Sclerenchyma cells form ground tissue in plants.
= [F]
= Sclerenchyma cells provide mechanical strength and rigidity to plant body.
5. Skin is connected with the body surface by adipose tissue.
=[F]
= Skin is connected with the body surface by Areolar tissue.
6. Lymph helps us fight against infection.
= [T]
7. Phloem is formed of long, tubular cells that transport water.
= [F]
= Phloem is formed of long, tubular cells that help in the downward movement of food from leaves.
I. Identify the tissue that forms following structures.
1. Epidermis of leaf.
= Protective tissue.
2. Vascular bundle.
= Conducting tissue.
3. Stores fat.
= Adipose tissue.
4. Bone.
= Nonelastic tissue.
5. Ligament.
= Elastic tissue.
6. Brain.
= Nervous tissue.
7. Heart.
= Muscular Tissue.
J. Encircle the odd one out and give reasons for your choice.
1. Cartilage, lymph, blood, plasma.
=Cartilage, lymph, blood, plasma.
= Cartilage is Skeletal Tissue. The others are Fluid Tissues.
2. Parenchyma, Epidermis, collenchyma, Sclerenchyma.
=Parenchyma, Epidermis, collenchyma, Sclerenchyma.
= Epidermis is Protective Tissue. The others are Supporting Tissue.
3. Cyton, dendrite, nerve fibre, axon.
=Cyton, dendrite, nerve fibre, axon.
= Many neurons make nerve fibre. The others are parts of a Neuron Cell.
4. Blood, matrix, plasma, platelets.
=Blood, matrix, plasma, platelets.
= Platelets are blood cell granules. The others are fluid intercellular substance.
5. Cork, Cork Cambium, Xylem, Phloem.
=Cork, Cork Cambium, Xylem, Phloem
= Xylem is other individual conducting tissue. The others are parts of Phloem.
K. Multiple Choice Questions.
1. In multicellular organisms, cells are associated to form.
(a) Organelle. [ ]
(b) Tissues. [✓]
(c) Organ. [ ]
(d) Organism. [ ]
2. The nucleus is absent in.
(a) Parenchyma cells. [ ]
(b) Red blood cells. [✓]
(c) Squamous epithelial cells. [ ]
(d) Neurons. [ ]
3. Meristematic tissues have cells that.
(a) divide continuously. [✓]
(b) do not divide. [ ]
(c) are highly specialised. [ ]
(d) have thick lignified cell wall. [ ]
4. Vascular bundles of plants are formed of.
(a) Xylem tissue alone. [ ]
(b) Xylem and phloem tissues. [✓]
(c) Xylem, phloem and cambium. [ ]
(d) Sclerenchyma and collenchyma. [ ]
5. Blood is a.
(a) Connective tissue. [✓]
(b) Epithelial tissue. [ ]
(c) Supportive tissue. [ ]
(d) Conducting tissue. [ ]
6. The body organisation in Euglena is.
(a) Cellular level. [✓]
(b) Tissue level. [ ]
(c) Organ level. [ ]
(d) Molecular level. [ ]
L. Diagram-based questions.
1. Label the parts marked A to D in the following picture and answer the questions.
=
A - Cell body or cyton;
B - Dendrites;
C - Dendron;
D - Axon
(a) What picture is this?
= This is the picture of a nerve cell or neuron.
(b) Give the functions of A and C.
= A (Cyton) receives the impulses or messages from Dendrites.
C (Dendron) receives impulses or messages from axons of adjacent neurons through synapse and transfer them to cyton.
(c) Which tissue does this make?
= This makes Nervous Tissue.
(d) Where are these cells located?
= These cells are located in brain, spinal cord and sense organs.
2. Draw and label the following diagrams.
(a) Xylem and phloem tissues.
=
Xylem Tissues
Phloem Tissues
(b) Neuron.
=
Neuron Cell
M. Crossword puzzle.
Complete the following crossword with given clues.
Down
1. Conducts impulses.
2. Tissue that connects two bones at the joint.
3. Tissue that connects muscle with the bone.
4. Plant tissue that transports food.
Across
5. Elastic skeletal connective tissue.
6. Tissue that helps in movement of bones.
7. Nonelastic hard tissue.
8. Plant tissue that conducts water and minerals.
=
